Carolina Coal Demon

 Death in the Dark 

The Story of the Deep River Coal Demon

Deep under the North Carolina ground is a black vein of dirty decay. The Deep River coal field is an area of Triassic rocks stretching 36 miles along the river in Chatham, Lee, and Moore Counties. In the age of dinosaurs there was a vast swamp along an ancient river. As swamps tend to do, decaying plant matter formed layers of peat in the humid dense environment. Over huge amounts of time shifts in plates and other events changed the landscape and large amounts of sediment flowed down and gathered in the area. The pressure of the massive layers of sediment created the perfect situation to turn the peat into coal. For 200 years people have attempted to dig this coal out of the ground. Deep River is NC’s only commercial coal bed. 

The coal industry has always been extremely dangerous and historically, many tragedies have been associated with mines. Over time, the abundance of illness, death, and mishap creates a need for explanation in the human mind. As we often do, people created legends to place blame somewhere that would give them the opportunity to feel like they could continue working by creating superstitious ways to protect themselves. It was a way to rationalize a terrible industrial human rights travesty without placing blame on the industrialists.

 In NC's coal mines, the scapegoat came in the form of a demon. The Deep River coal field is cursed by this disturbed demon, and many have lost their lives in his clutches. 

The demon has guarded his coal through each attempt to plunder it. No one has been profitable off of the mine due to the disastrous explosions, cave ins, and flood outs. The Old Egypt mine and the Carolina mine should have been successful, they supplied coal to the railroad and the Confederate Army during the Civil War. But unfortunately the complex geology of the region made mining difficult. There was ground water and there were intrusions and veins of softer minerals that caused unexpected weakness in the tunnels. The coal itself seemed to be cursed and stories came back from the battlefields of the dreaded Deep River coal that burned yellow giving away their location to the Union soldiers. Sales to the military stopped and money owed was not paid due to the loss of life. The mines closed for almost two decades. 

A company with a new plan opened the mine to great success. The mine employed upwards of 80 miners who earned what was considered a good wage, drawing miners from the north.  A few specialized men worked as blasters, places and igniting the TNT to break loose the coal. Most of the men worked as loaders. They shoveled the freed coal into carts, which were then carried away by mule.

The first disaster struck on a winter morning. At 8:30 a.m. on  December 19, 1895 an explosion ripped through the Egypt Mine. Forty-six of the sixty-seven men in the mine at the time perished.  The cause was believed to be natural gas ignited by a flame in a miners helmet.  

The company struggled to keep going but in May of 1900 another gas explosion killed twenty-two miners. It really was too much for the already limping company.  In two years, the Egypt coal mine was closed again.

The Carolina Coal Company was formed in 1921 with the intention of developing a mine across the river from the Egypt Mine. In its first year of full-scale operation it more than doubled the best of the Old Egypt Mine's output. Again things were looking up for the Deep River Coal Bed.  But once again the profits failed to materialize.  

In the spring of 1925 at seven in the morning seventy-four miners went down into the dark of the Carolina Mine.  Fifty-three of those men did not leave the mine alive.

   

The Carolina Mine closed a few years later when the mine began to flood through an air shaft.  The water was pumped, but they made no precautions against future flooding.  So it happened again and after the mine flooded again in 1930 it was closed.

During the post WWII boom era the mines were reopened as tourist attractions but the stories of tragedy attracted night time trespassers and the mines went into disrepair with miss use and were later closed completely. The coal still sits under the earth. Tempting modern fortune seekers to risk it all and tempt their fate with the Carolina coal demon.

Dreaming of going camping again!

Who wants to go Cold Weather Camping?

 

Updated:

It was a nice idea, but Corona quarantine and unemployment will be preventing any 2020 camping.

Maybe, I can go camping in the first few months of 2021... Stay Tuned...

 

    I'd like to reserve a site at my favorite campground, Huntington Beach State Park. I have gone in November, the first week of December, and in March. The March trip with my mom was the coldest. But we had a great time. 

    The weather for the last week of December in Murrells Inlet is cloudy about half the time, but only about 25% precipitation. The average low is around 42, and the high is around 59 degrees Fahrenheit. The sun that week will be rising around 7:15 am and setting just after five in the evening.

    The park is usually very full of RVers during the winter, however it doesn't feel crowded, the beaches are usually empty, the castle feels like you have it to yourself, and Brookgreen Gardens seems deserted. (Yes, I said castle. If you haven't been reading my blogs, you might not know, there is a castle in South Carolina, you can click HERE to check out the inside of the castle! Click HERE for the history.) The RVers are mostly baby boomers who stay in their warm cozy RVs, or go shopping, and go out for supper to enjoy nearby seafood restaurants. 

    I have enjoyed my other trips to HBSP during winter. Currently all of the primitive sites are available during the time I'd like to go and only one RV site. That means I need to plan a hike in, no electricity, cold weather camping trip. (Baby will need to stay with Grandparents for this trip, too much exposure to elements for an infant.)

Primitive Hike In Tent Camping

  

 I have stayed in one of the primitive sites before. Last November with my twin sister. I was several months pregnant. We had a fantastic time and really enjoyed it! Hopefully, for this trip I can convince some friends to join the fun. I have camped for New Years Eve several times before, including on the beach in very cold temperatures. I am confident that if I plan ahead and prepare, we will have fun no matter the weather. 

The primitive sites are listed on the map as T-1 through T-6. Each site can have six people with two vehicles in the parking area. They have large tent pads with a fire ring and a picnic table. They also have a food safety lock box so you can keep critters out of your food and trash. They are technically 'hike-in' sites, but it is just a short walk down a sandy path through the trees. The primitive sites are not far from a beach access and a bathroom. The bathrooms are heated and have showers. They are usually kept very clean. For the four nights and five days at the end of 2020, each primitive site is only $100. That doesn't include taxes or and supplies. They ask that you not bring fire wood from else where because of invasive bugs. So budget for several bundles of fire wood which locally range from $4 to $7. Also, at the primitive sites, you're in the woods, there is some amount of small branches and twigs you can use. (Only, use dead dried out wood.)

Strategies For Staying Warm in Winter Weather

     I have several strategies for beating the winter weather. Dress for success. That means layers. I usually wear leggings under my jeans, and a tee shirt and hoodie under my leather jacket. Always warm socks and boots or non slip shoes. Layers also are my strategy for prepping a site for winter camping. I like to create a large outer tent using popups and tarps. I set up the kitchen area and a bedroom tent inside the large space. When it is really cold I use fabric to line the inside. I set up my tents facing the fire and the woods. With the tarps I can create a pretty weather resistant wall towards the trail. You can never have too many tarps. 

    

With the tent structure facing the fire, private, and protected from wind I can concentrate on extra things to create a warm cozy camping trip. I like to bring lots of tapestries and extra fabric to make sure I am extra weather proof. I usually try to get the picnic table in the tented space, I have a table cloth and pieces of leather I put on the benches. I have small rugs and a canvas drop cloth that I use on the ground inside the tented area. Always take camp chairs, with a cozy throw for each chair. 

    When I winter camp with electricity I bring all sorts of things, like a coffee maker and a space heater, but with no electricity I'll be concentrating on things that generate warmth with out electricity. Open flame generates heat no matter how small, you'd be surprised how much warmth can be generated by simple candles. Never leave them unattended or put them close to any fabric. I usually have some citronella candles for the picnic table. I also bring incense and sage to burn to keep away bugs, (and evil spirits). I like to bring tiki torches for the area outside of the tent, they provide light, heat, and keep away critters. Propane heaters are a good way to heat up a large camp spot.  I suggest they are kept well ventilated and away from anything flammable. 

Glamping   

 Sleeping accommodations are where I tend to go from camping to glamping. Air mattress with a cordless pump. Mattress pad cause the plastic air mattress can get cold. Sheets, blankets, comforters, and extra pillows. I like to give the tent an extra layer of fabric for insulation, though I place the tent inside a popup with tarp walls that are already lined with fabric, there is usually a side open facing the fire and that extra layer helps late at night when its coldest and the fire has gone out. 

   

Food 

 When I camp I usually take lots of snacks that don't require cooking, however when cold weather camping I like to bring things that are sure to warm me up. Sweet potatoes are amazing baked over a fire. Bring a camp pot and any soups or noodles can warm you up. I like to make mac and cheese with tuna and sweet peas. Instant coffee and tea are also great. It is easy to leave the park and go into town for groceries, so a steak dinner is not out of the question either. 

    

Light

   

Light sources other than tiki torches and candles: Battery operated LED lanterns are fantastic. I also love to bring a few strands of 'fairy lights' to make things extra magical. Since this trip is a special occasion, my 40th and New Years, I'll probably bring extra things to decorate with! A wagon is always helpful to carry all your stuff to the site, or to the beach.

   Click HERE for a LIST of everything I'm taking. 

Inside A Bombed Out WWII Chemical Weapons Plant

Warning: Enter at your own risk!

Click HERE for a detailed story about Dow Road Woods and the ruins.

Deep in the woods, along the Cape Fear River, sits the mysterious ruins of an old chemical plant.

Dow produced bromine from salt water. During WWII bromine was a chemical used in warfare.

(Some of these are older cell phone pictures, I apologize for any lack of quality.)

Some of the tunnels are more accessible than others.

 

There is often water in the low lying areas. 

Some tunnels are in better condition than others. All are covered in art.

The graffiti and other art changes constantly as new explorers discover the ruins. 

The local legend is that a Nazi sub bombed the plant from the river.

The woods are patrolled by Military Police.

More Graffiti

Fairy Land

"Jump In! It Feels so good to lie down!" 

This tunnel has "Fairy Land" made of fiberglass, broken bricks, and rebar.

Close up of "Fairy Land" The wall above says, "Touch me!"

The View from the Top

On top of the tunnels is a massive pile of brick rubble.

At the top of the brick you are above the trees and can see there are two piles of rubble.

That's not dirt on those ankles. It is hundreds of tiny ticks. 

I wish this piece was still there. One of my favorites. 

Night Kayaking, Fireworks, and Margaritas

Minutes from the Grand Strand Awaits a Slower Pace

Hog Inlet

Little River, SC

Get away from the hustle and bustle of South Carolina's Grand Strand and enjoy the history and natural beauty of Little River. There is an abundance of serene places to stop and take in the coastal southern charm. The town is just north of Myrtle Beach at the North Carolina border. If you are coming from the beaches of NC it's just a quick drive south on Highway 17. 

From their Facebook Page

The first thing you see as you enter SC from the north is the Stateline Fireworks store. As a college student in Wilmington driving to Myrtle Beach to party on the weekends, the fireworks stand was the first reminder that we were entering the otherworldly beach destination known as the Grand Strand. Tacky tourist attraction overload, mega mini golf mecca, planted palm trees, high-rise lined beaches, and amusement parks for miles and miles. The first 'town' you come to as soon as you enter SC is Little River. Back in college, I didn't know it even had a waterfront, or anything other than fireworks, a place to stop and get cheap gas and lotto tickets, and then quickly go over the bridge to other places on the other side of the Intercoastal Waterway, (ICW). In NC decades ago, both fireworks and the lottery were illegal, and gas still today is taxed several cents higher than its neighbor to the south.

A Tiny Waterfront Town

Little River Waterfront

A few years ago my friend Randy moved to Little River to enjoy his retirement. At the time I was doing a lot of traveling. Most of it by myself, camping or visiting friends. It was a difficult time in my personal life and I enjoyed solitude in nature, it was cheaper than therapy and healthier than drinking. I visited my friend in Little River. He lives in a neighborhood just off 17 before the bridges over the waterway. The neighborhood had once been a massive golf course. Multiple courses actually. Only one remains and at the time of my first visit the others had long since turned into woods just behind the homes. Throughout the bramble of cedar, palmetto, and pines were giant live oaks and beautiful blooming dogwoods that the original golf course developers had saved from the old growth forest that was there before it was ever touched by bulldozers. In the woods were still paved paths, canals, waterholes, and berms from the golf course. It was a beautiful place to explore. (It has since been redeveloped.) 

Oak trees & Big M

I decided to go to the waterfront. It is tiny. A sandy grouping of seafood restaurants on a bluff above the Little River, (now part of the ICW). There are more giant old oak trees full of Spanish moss and ferns. There's a huge parking lot. In the water there are fishing boats docked and a big cruise boat that takes tourists out onto the ocean to gamble. The Big M casino is the obvious economic driver for the waterfront. I went at a time when there was no gambling cruise scheduled and the parking lot was empty, the restaurants were mostly closed but Key West Crazy's was open. I sat on the deck. They had roll up plastic walls and heaters so it was usable all year long. I had margaritas and coconut shrimp. The waterfront is beautiful. It feels a million miles away from the chaos I was used to in Myrtle Beach.

The Native People

Artifacts in the Horry County Museum

Of course there is a history to Little River as complex as any small southern town. There was an entire civilization pushed out and killed off. There is archeological evidence that the Waccamaw and Pee Dee Indians and their ancient ancestors used the Little River's inlet as fishing grounds, camping on the nearby islands during the season when the fish were plentiful and shellfish were fat. For thousands of years these people flourished. As I've written about in previous posts, they were eventually forced to take to the dense swamps away from the coast to escape violence and illness brought by invaders from across the ocean.

The European Invasion

King's Highway

Little River is one of the oldest European settlements along the South Carolina coast. Though records are sparse, artifacts and oral histories conclude that subsistence farmers and fishermen came to the area and stayed as early as the 1600's. There was a difficult swampy forest between the Carolina coastal settlements in those days. In the area Conway was the larger 'Old Town' further inland and Little River was considered the 'New Town'. To the south was Georgetown and then Charleston, with vast stretches of wetlands and wilderness between them.

The King's Highway

Highway 17 is called King's Highway for good reason, the original King's Highway still follows almost its exact route through SC. Between the mid 1600's and the 1730's the English constructed the road meant to connect the important colonies of Boston and Charleston.

A Colony Divided

The Carolina Colony was divided into North Carolina and South Carolina in 1712, though the border was a matter of disagreement politically. In 1730 an agreement was reached that put the border 30 miles to the south of Cape Fear running parallel with the river. This arrangement wouldn't last and surveyors were brought in by the north colony and the southern one and the border was drawn and redrawn over and over for the next hundred years. 

The Land Grants

Imagine the Crown as Oprah, if you will: "You get some land, and you get some land, and you, and you, and you!"

England was giving out Lord Proprietor land grants and the area that is now Horry County went to several planters, notably the Withers family, and James Minor. Waties Island is named for William Waties, the father, the son, or the grandfather, no one knows for sure, all three were surveyors. Some records show that a William Waties owned 1,150 acres in the Little River area in 1733. This acreage could have been obtained by a Lord Proprietor's grant in 1670, that was given originally to James Minor, but as the surveyors of a vast land grant the Waties may have been paid in acreage. At any rate by the mid 1700's the existence of records didn't matter, King George gave land grants to several more people, hoping for better success in settlement. After all, these land grants were given with the intention of creating additional revenue streams for the crown. A King's grant gave some of the area land to William Allston, though the island remained named Waties. (You may recognize the name Allston from previous posts, the family of politically and militarily successful rice planters who acquired vast amounts of SC land.) The land to the south was granted to William Gause, who built an Inn at Windy Hill, now North Myrtle Beach. The Wither's family held on to their land, Wither's Swash, for generations, (a swash is a creek that runs from the ocean). The Vereen's, a family of French Huguenots, who came to the colonies in 1680, had the land near Singleton Swash. The Vereen original home site is believed to be located about 2 miles north of Singleton Swash.

The Southern Tour

George Washington Visits

George Washington traveled down the King's Highway on his Southern Tour in 1791. He is said to have stayed the night in Windy Hill, had lunch in Little River, and then was guided through the wilderness area to Georgetown by Jeremiah Vereen, a indigo and rice planter, and hero of the revolution.

The Randall-Vereen House

Historic Registry 

After the War of 1812, yankee Thomas Randall built a large home overlooking the harbor in Little River. It became part of the Vareen family's plantation as they bought up more and more of the land in the area. The home stood until it burned in 2014. It was known as one of SC's oldest homes. Its charred remains sat eerily for some time, like a tombstone to the home's long history.

The War of Northern Aggression

 A Confederate battery was built at the point just behind the barrier island where Sheephead creek comes out of Dunn Sound into the area where the Little River empties into the Atlantic ocean. It defended the entrance to Little River Harbor and was called Fort Randall before being captured by Yankees in 1863.

Path through pines at Vereen Gardens

The Vereen Gift

Jackson Vereen was born in Little River in 1882, close to the end of his long life he deeded some of the family's land to the Horry County Historical Society in 1972. Today 115 acres is preserved as Vereen Memorial Historical Gardens, known for it's natural beauty and historical significance. On highway 17 south just past the fireworks store on the left. At the Vereen property there is still a section of the original highway.  At the gardens there is also a Vereen family cemetery with graves as far back as the American Revolution. 

The Island 

The coastal land known as Waties Island actually consisted of a barrier island, and behind that a marshy flat with a small sound, two tidal creeks, and a larger inland section sandwiched between the marsh and the Little River (now part of the ICW). This land changed hands often as it was not considered useful for farming or lumber, and was difficult to access. In the 1920's as a new interest in and romanization of southern plantations brought wealthy industrialist heirs to the region, Horace Tilghman bought the land. At Tilghman Point there are still the remains of the Confederate battery 

Erosion on Waties

The Tilghman Gift

Horace Tilghman's heirs, the Boyce family still own 400 acres of the the land. Tilghman's granddaughter Anne gave the Coastal Educational Foundation of Coastal Carolina University 1/3 of the island to be preserved for use as a natural laboratory. One of the heirs sold their portion to a real estate holding company from Virginia with no plans to develop their property. The handful of private owners agree on preservation but continue to disagree on the means of preservation, some want State Park status while others want it to remain protected as an untouched natural area.

From their website

Historic Horse Ride 

Currently the area of land known as, the Little River Neck area, is home to Inlet Point Plantation, a sprawling horse farm that offers rides on trails through the inland property as well as over the small causeway and onto Waties Island's beaches. If you aren't an environmental scientist or student with Coastal Carolina, or a Tilghman heir, the horse ride is your only option to access the untouched beach by land. Of course, there's always the water. That's how I arrived on Waties Island's beach.

Cherry Grove Public Boat Landing

 My Kayak Adventure

I googled kayak rentals in the area and the one that interested me offered several guided tours and even one called the Sunset and Lantern Tour. I quickly gave J and L Kayaking a call and made my reservation for that evening. It was winter but the weather was amazing. I drove over the bridge toward Cherry Grove Beach. Cherry Grove is a beach that was developed during the post WWII boom of the '50's and '60's and consists of beach front homes and rows and rows of homes on manmade channels. My mom vacationed there as a child. I drove towards the north west side of the island and met the guide and other kayakers around 3pm at the Cherry Grove Boat Landing.

Waties Island from the creek

We paddled slowly down House Creek towards Hog Inlet. It was perfect weather and the water was smooth. It was actually one of the most enjoyable kayak trips I've ever taken. A high pressure system had pushed away any clouds that morning and the bright sun was warm with a light breeze occasionally. As we passed through the homes of Cherry Grove we were greeted by a paddle boarder with a dog who was dancing and jamming out to music as he paddled downstream. Because there were two families with us and unexperienced kayakers, I was able to paddle around quite a bit by myself while they slowly made their way down the creek. It was immensely relaxing. The island has suffered erosion at both inlets due to dredging and the heirs even sued at one point for lose of property. The stand of tall trees you see in these pictures is slowly eroding into the water.

My Sand Dollar

We beached our kayaks just before the inlet at Hog Point. We had time to walk the beach before sunset and enjoy the solitude. I found a sand dollar almost immediately. The beach was huge, and serene. There were no footprints. No tracks from lifeguard vehicles or tourists dragging their stuff through the sand. I did see evidence that a couple had recently come through on horse back, at the low tide line was a pair of tracks disappearing and reappearing in the gentle waves.

Dusk on Waties Island

We enjoyed the beach until dusk when the guide called us back to the inlet. Sunset was coming. From Hog Point we would be able to see the sunset over Cherry Grove. A mist started to roll in off the ocean, it was beautiful. As the sun began to set a flock of birds flew across the inlet. The guide was handing out the lanterns, they're inflated waterproof glowing cylinders. As the sun dropped below the horizon we launched our kayaks back into the creek. 

Night Kayaking

Sunset, Hog's Inlet, & Cherry Grove

 I launched first and paddled out away from the families as they slowly got in their kayaks and were pushed out into the water by the guide. I absorbed the feeling of the air. The light moisture coming in off the Atlantic, the salt smell, the lapping of the water under me, the moments just after the sun has set when the sky is still full of a complex range of colors, I took deep breaths and soaked it all in. The lantern that J and L provided was the perfect amount of light for people to see the kayakers but still not obstruct night vision. I had never kayaked at night before. I had always wanted to and I had paddled out during sunset, but never far enough to be paddling home in the dark. It was so peaceful. 

There were bird sounds, and there were bug sounds, and there were frog sounds, and the sound of the paddles in the water, but there were no other sounds, until we were paddling through the large homes of Cherry Grove where there were sounds of laughter and music. It was obvious that it was the down season, as only a handful of homes looked occupied, most were dark, silently awaiting the return of warmer weather and weekly renters. 

I highly recommend the J and L Kayak experience, if you are in the area and want to get back in touch with nature, its a great escape. 

We are lucky that the families who inherited these properties believed in preservation. Driving away through the tightly packed homes of Cherry Grove I thought about the beautiful high marsh behind Waties and realized that is what this island looked like before it was cut up with channels and developed. Little River is a perfect place to take in nature or history and get away from the hustle and bustle. It is much more than a fireworks stand.